Sorghum is one of the Cereal crops that can adapt to a broad and prospective development on marginal land, especially on dry land. The average productivity of sorghum stems ranged between 30-50 tonnes / ha and leaves 20-40 tonnes / ha. Potential biomass sorghum can also be improved further by optimizing the potential of sorghum ratoon. The specialty of the sorghum crop is the ability to grow back after being cut or harvested called ratun. Ratoon sorghum can be done 2-3 times, so it can meet the needs of sorghum biomass raw materials or sustainable seed. Planting ratoon not involve the planting of seeds for regeneration using stem, and is a useful tool to start cultivation in drought conditions. Cultivation of sorghum with ratoon system has been applied by farmers in dry areas. Not only in Indonesia but also in India, Africa, and even the United States.
How to Farming Ratoon System
After the main crop physiological maturity immediately do the harvesting or cutting the main stem 5-10 cm above the soil surface using a sharp knife. Clean the main crops are diseased or stem borer, and weed control are completed within 3-5 days after the main crop harvest. Perform first fertilization with 50 kg N and 20-35 kg P2O5 per ha and then immediately do the water supply if there is no rain. Perform thinning saplings during 25-30 days after cutting the main crops, and leaving 2-3 tillers per plant. Second fertilization is done after the first 25-30 days of fertilization with a dose of 100-200 kg N / ha. Upon entering the harvest, cut the main stem 5-10 cm above the soil surface. Perform maintenance as usual.
Some research suggests that the maintenance of a good first ratoon, it is still able to produce sorghum biomass up to 80% compared to the main plant. Meanwhile, in the second ratoon still able to produce biomass 60% compared to the main plant. The decrease in potential due to the decrease in the percentage of biomass grown ratoon and plant age is becoming shorter.
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